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Flat, brown Surinam toad hidden among dead leaves and twigs

Surinam Toad: Facts, Photos & Why It’s So Strange

Pipa pipa

Babies burst out of her back

Flat as a pancake and brown as a dead leaf, the Surinam toad lies at the bottom of a muddy Amazon pond looking like roadkill. That’s the normal part. The strange part is how it has babies: the eggs sink into the mother’s back, and months later tiny toads pop out through her skin.

Surinam Toad vs. you

Your height ft in5 ft 7 in

Quick facts

Size
3.9–6.7 in
3.9–6.7 in (10–17 cm); up to about 8 in (20 cm)
Lifespan
~7 years
About 7 years
Left in the wild
Unknown
Unknown – fairly common

Conservation status

  1. Least Concern (this animal)
  2. Near Threatened
  3. Vulnerable
  4. Endangered
  5. Critically Endangered
  6. Extinct in the Wild
  7. Extinct

Least Concern

Superpowers

  • Venomous : Is it venomous? No
  • Glows : Does it glow? No
  • Regenerates limbs : Can it regenerate limbs? No

Identity

Scientific name
Pipa pipa
Class
Amphibian (frog)
First described
1758, by Carl Linnaeus

Life & family

Diet
Worms, small fish, insects and crustaceans
Gestation
None in the usual sense – the young develop in her back for 3–4 months
Offspring
Up to about 100
Predators
Fish, snakes and birds

Where to find it

Habitat
Slow, muddy streams, ponds and flooded forest
Lives in
Northern South America, including the Amazon basin
In the wild
Hard – it’s perfectly camouflaged underwater
In zoos
Yes – some zoos and aquariums

Explore similar

Why is this animal unusual?

After mating, the male presses the eggs onto the female’s back. Her skin swells up around each one until it sits in its own little pocket, like a honeycomb. The young skip the tadpole stage and emerge as fully formed miniature toads.

Why does it look like that?

A triangular head, tiny eyes with no eyelids, and a body so flat it looks as if it’s been stepped on.

Strangest biological feature

Star-tipped fingers. Each long finger ends in a tiny four-pointed star that feels for prey in the mud.

Why is it strange?

It has no tongue and no teeth. It catches food by lunging and sucking it into its mouth with both hands.

Interesting behavioral facts

Mating involves the pair doing somersaults together in the water. At the top of each loop the female releases eggs, which land on her back.

Flat, brown Surinam toad with bumpy skin on a muddy pond floor

Surinam Toad: quick answers

Is the Surinam toad dangerous?

No. It isn’t venomous and spends almost its whole life underwater eating worms and small fish.

Is the Surinam toad a frog or a toad?

It’s a frog from the family Pipidae, known as tongueless frogs. “Toad” is just part of its common name.

Why is it so flat?

Its flat body helps it lie hidden on the muddy bottom of ponds and streams, where it looks like a dead leaf.

Can you keep a Surinam toad as a pet?

It’s sometimes kept by experienced keepers in large aquariums. It’s fully aquatic and needs warm, clean water.

How does the Surinam toad give birth?

While mating, the pair flips in loops underwater and the eggs land on the female’s back. Her skin swells around them into little pockets. After three to four months, fully formed baby toads push their way out through her skin.

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Send them the Surinam Toad. They'll thank you. Probably.